Based on the attached FDNY/NYC Consumer and Worker Protection safety bulletin, here is a detailed article suitable for a website, blog, safety newsletter, or educational flyer.

Lithium-Ion Batteries and Micromobility Devices: Essential Safety Guide for Consumers and Retailers

Lithium-ion batteries have become a critical part of modern life. They power smartphones, laptops, tablets, power tools, electric vehicles, e-bikes, e-scooters, and many other rechargeable devices. While these batteries provide excellent performance and convenience, they also store a significant amount of energy and can become extremely dangerous if damaged, improperly charged, modified, or used incorrectly.

In recent years, New York City has experienced a growing number of fires caused by defective or improperly used lithium-ion batteries, particularly those used in micromobility devices such as electric bicycles and electric scooters. Understanding how to safely purchase, use, charge, store, and dispose of these batteries can help prevent fires, injuries, and fatalities.

What Are Lithium-Ion Batteries?

Lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable batteries capable of storing large amounts of energy in a compact size. Their efficiency and lightweight design make them ideal for:

• Cell phones
• Laptops
• Tablets
• Power tools
• Electric vehicles
• E-bikes
• E-scooters
• Other micromobility devices

Because these batteries contain highly concentrated energy, a malfunction can result in thermal runaway—a rapid and uncontrollable increase in temperature that may cause fire, explosion, or the release of toxic gases.

Purchase Only Certified Products

One of the most important safety precautions is ensuring that batteries and devices have been independently tested and certified.

Consumers and retailers should never buy or sell batteries or devices that lack certification from a recognized testing laboratory. Look for:

• UL (Underwriters Laboratories) certification
• Approved safety marks
• Certification labels from accredited testing laboratories

Certification helps verify that the battery and charging system meet recognized safety standards and have undergone rigorous testing.

Never Use Unapproved Replacement Batteries

Many battery fires occur after users install aftermarket or incompatible batteries.

Always:

• Purchase replacement batteries directly from the device manufacturer.
• Use only batteries specifically designed for your device.
• Avoid generic or low-cost substitute batteries.

Using an incompatible battery can result in overheating, charging failures, internal damage, or fire.

Safe Charging Practices

Charging is one of the highest-risk periods for lithium-ion batteries.

Always:

Use the Manufacturer's Charger

Only use the charging cord and power adapter supplied or approved by the manufacturer. Different charging systems operate at different voltages and current levels.

Plug Directly into a Wall Outlet

Battery chargers should be plugged directly into a wall outlet whenever possible. Extension cords may overheat, become overloaded, or create additional fire hazards.

Charge in a Safe Area

Store and charge batteries away from:

• Paper products
• Cardboard
• Furniture
• Curtains
• Bedding
• Flammable liquids
• Other combustible materials

Where You Should Never Charge a Battery

The FDNY recommends avoiding several locations that can create dangerous conditions during a battery failure.

Do not charge batteries:

Near Exits or Escape Routes

Never charge a device near:

• Apartment entrance doors
• Bedroom doors
• Hallways
• Windows with fire escapes

A battery fire can rapidly block escape routes during an emergency.

Inside Bedrooms

Charging batteries while sleeping may prevent occupants from noticing early warning signs such as smoke, odors, or unusual sounds.

On Furniture or Elevated Surfaces

Devices should not be charged on:

• Beds
• Sofas
• Chairs
• Tables

The guidance recommends charging on the floor rather than on combustible surfaces.

In Direct Sunlight

Heat significantly increases battery stress and can accelerate degradation. Avoid leaving batteries or charging devices in direct sunlight.

Temperature Matters

Lithium-ion batteries perform best within moderate temperature ranges.

Avoid:

• Excessive heat
• Freezing temperatures
• Direct exposure to sunlight
• Storage in hot vehicles
• Storage near heating equipment

Extreme temperatures can damage internal battery components and increase fire risks.

Warning Signs of Battery Failure

Consumers should routinely inspect batteries and devices for signs of damage.

Watch for:

• Unusual odors
• Swelling
• Changes in shape
• Changes in color
• Leaking fluids
• Hissing sounds
• Popping sounds
• Other unusual noises

These symptoms may indicate internal battery failure.

What To Do If a Battery Appears Unsafe

If you notice any warning signs:

1. Stop using the device immediately.
2. If safe to do so, move the device away from combustible materials.
3. Leave the area if conditions become dangerous.
4. Call 911 immediately.

Never attempt to repair a damaged lithium-ion battery yourself.

Proper Battery Storage

For maximum safety:

• Store batteries in a cool, dry location.
• Keep them away from combustible materials.
• Protect them from physical damage.
• Follow all manufacturer storage instructions.
• When possible, store devices outdoors in a protected area.

Battery Recycling and Disposal

Lithium-ion batteries should never be thrown into regular household trash.

Proper disposal options include:

• Special Waste Drop-Off Sites
• Approved battery recycling facilities
• Authorized collection programs

Improper disposal can create fire hazards in garbage trucks, recycling facilities, and waste transfer stations.

Safety Tips for Retailers

Retailers play a critical role in reducing battery-related fires.

Best practices include:

• Selling only certified batteries and devices.
• Educating customers about proper charging methods.
• Providing manufacturer-approved replacement batteries.
• Refusing to sell incompatible battery substitutes.
• Displaying battery safety information at the point of sale.
• Encouraging customers to recycle old batteries properly.

Conclusion

Lithium-ion batteries are safe and reliable when used correctly, but improper charging, storage, modification, or disposal can lead to catastrophic fires. By purchasing certified products, using manufacturer-approved chargers and batteries, monitoring for warning signs, and following proper charging and storage practices, consumers and retailers can significantly reduce the risk of battery-related incidents.

As e-bikes, e-scooters, and other rechargeable devices continue to grow in popularity, battery safety awareness is more important than ever. Following these simple precautions can help protect lives, property, and communities from preventable fires.

Source: FDNY and NYC Department of Consumer and Worker Protection Lithium-Ion Battery Safety Bulletin.

.